How the SECOND() function works in Mariadb?

The SECOND() function in MariaDB is used to extract the seconds part from a TIME or DATETIME value. This function is particularly useful when you need to work with or manipulate the seconds component of a time-related value.

Syntax

The syntax for the MariaDB SECOND() function is as follows:

SECOND(time)

• time: A TIME or DATETIME value from which the seconds part needs to be extracted. It can be a literal value or an expression that evaluates to a valid time or datetime value.

The function returns an integer value representing the seconds part of the provided time value, ranging from 0 to 59.

Examples

Example 1: Extract seconds from a TIME value

This example demonstrates how to extract the seconds part from a TIME value.

SELECT SECOND('10:05:23');

The output for this statement is:

+--------------------+
| SECOND('10:05:23') |
+--------------------+
|                 23 |
+--------------------+

The function extracts the seconds part (23) from the provided TIME value '10:05:23'.

Example 2: Extract seconds from a DATETIME value

The SECOND() function can also be used with DATETIME values.

SELECT SECOND('2023-05-15 14:30:45');

The output for this statement is:

+-------------------------------+
| SECOND('2023-05-15 14:30:45') |
+-------------------------------+
|                            45 |
+-------------------------------+

In this case, the function extracts the seconds part (45) from the DATETIME value '2023-05-15 14:30:45'.

Example 3: Extract seconds from a column

You can use the SECOND() function to extract the seconds part from a time-related column in a table.

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS events;
CREATE TABLE events (
    event_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    event_name VARCHAR(50),
    event_time DATETIME
);

INSERT INTO events (event_id, event_name, event_time) VALUES
    (1, 'Meeting', '2023-06-01 09:15:30'),
    (2, 'Presentation', '2023-06-01 13:45:15'),
    (3, 'Webinar', '2023-06-01 18:00:00');

SELECT event_name, SECOND(event_time) AS event_seconds
FROM events;

The output for this statement is:

+--------------+---------------+
| event_name   | event_seconds |
+--------------+---------------+
| Meeting      |            30 |
| Presentation |            15 |
| Webinar      |             0 |
+--------------+---------------+

In this example, the SECOND() function extracts the seconds part from the event_time column, and the result is displayed in the event_seconds column.

Example 4: Extract seconds from a calculation

You can use the SECOND() function with expressions that evaluate to a valid time or datetime value.

SELECT SECOND(ADDTIME('10:00:00', '00:05:30'));

The output for this statement is:

+-----------------------------------------+
| SECOND(ADDTIME('10:00:00', '00:05:30')) |
+-----------------------------------------+
|                                      30 |
+-----------------------------------------+

In this example, the ADDTIME() function is used to add 5 minutes and 30 seconds to the time '10:00:00', resulting in '10:05:30'. The SECOND() function then extracts the seconds part (30) from this calculated time value.

Example 5: Extract seconds from NULL value

If the SECOND() function is provided with a NULL value, it returns NULL.

SELECT SECOND(NULL);

The output for this statement is:

+--------------+
| SECOND(NULL) |
+--------------+
|         NULL |
+--------------+

Related Functions

Here are a few functions related to the MariaDB SECOND() function:

• MariaDB MINUTE() function is used to extract the minutes part from a TIME or DATETIME value.
• MariaDB HOUR() function is used to extract the hours part from a TIME or DATETIME value.
• MariaDB MICROSECOND() function is used to extract the microseconds part from a TIME or DATETIME value.

Conclusion

The SECOND() function in MariaDB is a handy tool for extracting the seconds part from TIME or DATETIME values. By understanding the syntax and usage of this function, you can effectively manipulate and work with time-related data in your MariaDB database. Whether you need to extract seconds from a literal value, a column, or a calculated expression, the SECOND() function provides a straightforward way to accomplish this task.